Is Force-Free Still Force-Free? Let’s Really Think About It
Force-free training is supposed to be simple: no pain, no fear, no force. According to the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB, 2021), force-free means:
Training that relies solely on reward-based techniques, avoiding any use of force, pain, or emotional or physical discomfort. It focuses on teaching desired behaviors through compassion, respect, and positive reinforcement, rather than punishing unwanted actions. (AVSAB 2021)
Sounds straightforward, right? But in the real world, things get messy. Trainers, vets, and shelter staff often find themselves in tough situations and justify actions like restraint, choke-leashes, or even corrections as “necessary.”
So, here’s the big question: If we’re making exceptions, are we still truly force-free?
The Problem With “Necessary Force”
You’ve probably heard the argument: “I’m force-free 99% of the time, but in some situations, I have to use minimal force to protect the dog or others.” Sounds reasonable, doesn’t it? But here’s where that thinking gets us into trouble:
• At the Vet: Restraining a scared dog for a quick exam might get the job done today, but it risks damaging trust and creating long-term fear.
• In Shelters: Using aversive tools like choke-leashes to manage reactive or frightened dogs often becomes standard practice, not the exception.
• In Training: Resorting to leash pops or physical guidance undermines the relationship-based approach we claim to value.
Even when it feels “necessary,” force can’t coexist with the foundational principle of “First Do No Harm” (Michaels, 2022). If we allow exceptions, are we really force-free—or just force-free-ish?
The Holistic Solution: Prevent, Don’t React
Here’s the truth: force-free isn’t about perfection, but it is about commitment. That’s where a holistic, multidisciplinary approach comes in. Instead of reacting with force in tough situations, we plan ahead to avoid those moments entirely.
• Cooperative Care for Vet Visits: Teach dogs to willingly participate in handling and medical care. It takes time, but it protects trust and reduces stress in the long run.
• Redesigning Shelter Systems: Advocate for decompression protocols, better staff training, and humane handling tools. Shelters don’t have to default to aversive practices just because they’re short on time or resources.
• Customized Training Plans: Address the root causes of behavior by looking at the dog’s physical, emotional, and environmental needs. A dog’s aggression or fear isn’t a problem to “fix”—it’s a message to understand.
Why This Debate Matters
Let’s be honest: it’s tempting to reach for shortcuts when the stakes feel high or time is short. But allowing force—even “minimal” force—risks turning exceptions into habits. And habits shape culture.
If we start making excuses, the meaning of force-free training erodes. What began as a movement for compassion and respect becomes something murky and inconsistent. The trust we’re building with dogs and their guardians deserves better.
Want to Dig Deeper Into This Philosophy?
If this conversation has you thinking, you’ll want to check out Linda Michaels’ The Do No Harm Dog Training and Behavior Handbook: Featuring the Hierarchy of Dog Needs®. This book is a game-changer for anyone committed to truly humane, effective training. Get your copy here: https://amzn.to/3Z6XhcZ
The Final Question: Is Force-Free Still Force-Free?
Force-free isn’t about convenience—it’s about making choices that honor the emotional and physical well-being of the dog. Every time we consider an exception, we have to ask ourselves: Are we staying true to the principles we believe in, or are we just taking the easy way out?
So, let’s not water it down. Let’s hold the line. And let’s keep asking the hard questions—because force-free means nothing if it doesn’t mean everything.
